What is considered sexual assault in a marriage

Shaelynn Miller

Many people have a hard time seeing sexual abuse as a reality in some marriages. But it is very real, and it’s more common than you might think.

Sexual abuse is any unwanted sexual contact. Not just by a stranger. Not just by a friend. Not even just by a family member. Sexual abuse can happen to anyone by anyone, even your own spouse.

Here are seven signs your husband is sexually abusing you (and what you can do about it):

1. You agree only because you’re afraid

Sexual abuse and physical abuse are usually linked, so if a victim is experiencing sexual abuse, he or she is most likely also being physically abused by the same person.

If you agree to sex only because he threatens to hurt you physically or emotionally, it’s sexual abuse. This could come in the form of threats to hit you, leave you or even harm your children.

2. He refuses to practice safe sex

Experts say sexual abuse includes being forced to participate in any degrading, unwanted or unsafe sexual act. This means even if you consent to sex with your husband, it’s still abuse if you asked him to wear protection and he refuses.

Sexual abuse includes any situation where someone forces you to do uncomfortable intimate acts. If you’re comfortable using protection, your partner should respect and uphold that.

3. He forces his decisions of birth control, pregnancy and/or abortion

Forcing his own opinions on you regarding birth control, pregnancy and/or abortion is sexual abuse. These are major decisions that both you and your spouse should seriously be considered together.

4. He withholds sex as punishment

Withholding sex to get what you want is considered both psychological and sexual abuse. It’s a form of manipulation meant to control the other person. The healthy way to solve problems in your marriage is through communication and counseling, not by withholding love or sex.

5. He forces you do uncomfortable sexual things

If he touches you inappropriately even after you told him no, that’s sexual abuse. If he’s in the mood and you aren’t and he takes it anyway, that’s sexual abuse. Any form of sexual contact, whether it involves rape or not, is considered sexual abuse and should never be taken lightly.

6. He persists even after you’ve said “no”

It’s your body. When you say “no,” he should respect that. Intimacy is a mutual decision between two people whether or not they are married.

7. He insults and criticizes your body

Sexual harassment ranges from degrading remarks to inappropriate physical contact. This includes your spouse insulting your body and your looks. Your sweetheart should not shame you for the way you look — a loving husband will never harm your self-esteem.

What you can do about it

Just because you’re married doesn’t mean your body belongs to your husband. A healthy sexual relationship involves two people who respect each other and will never force the other to do something uncomfortable or harmful.

If your husband is sexually abusing you, seek help. Reach out to trusted family members, friends and even a therapist.

Contact the U.S. National Sexual Assault Hotline at 800-656-HOPE (4673). You can also chat online to receive support, information and advice from a trained specialist.

With the support of your family and friends, you can find the strength to escape an abusive relationship so you can feel safe again.

Shaelynn Miller, FamilyShare

Shaelynn Miller is a journalist with a passion for photography, video production and writing. Contact her at [email protected].

Florida Women’s Law Group

Warning Signs Of Sexual Abuse In A Marriage

Author: Florida Women’s Law Group
Date: Aug 13 2021

Florida Women’s Law GroupAug 13 2021

Warning Signs of Sexual Abuse in a Relationship

Is sexual assault in a marriage a real thing? A healthy marriage involves sex, so how can married sex be assault? According to the National Coalition Against Domestic Violence, 1 in 10 women have been sexual assaulted by an intimate partner. Whether you are married or not, sex is consensual. If you say no, it means no, even if it is to your spouse.

A marriage does not mean that a spouse is entitled to sex at any time. Sexual abuse is not just about rape or forced sex it includes anything that you are not comfortable with or is unwanted sexually. Many spouses do not even realize that they are suffering abuse, they think it is just a part of marriage, it is their duty as a spouse.

Examples of Sexual Abuse in a Marriage

Sexual abuse is a form of domestic violence and is usually accompanied by other types of abuse. As with physical and emotional abuse, sexual abuse is about one spouse having power, control and dominance over the other. They can exert this physically or subtly through intimidation and manipulation. Sexual abuse in a marriage can include:

Partner insists you dress a certain way that makes you uncomfortable
Calls you explicit names or criticizes you in a vulgar and sexual way
Forces or manipulates you into sex
Engages in sexual activities when you are unable to consent – sleeping, intoxicated, sick
Forces you to do things sexually that you do not want to do
Physically holds you down while forcing themselves on you
Hurts you with objects during sex
Chokes, restrains or physically hurts you during sex without your consent
Involves other people in sexual activities without your consent
Forces you to watch or make porn
Refuses to practice safe sex
Prevents you from using birth control or making decisions about pregnancy

Why a Spouse May Not Recognize it as Sexual Abuse

Being sexually assaulted by a spouse is a personal violation of trust. This is the person you love and who is supposed to love and cherish you. To live in constant fear of that person is confusing and heart-breaking. A person in a committed relationship can not be raped, right? Wrong, any sexual act performed without your consent is rape, no matter if it is your spouse or a stranger. Victims of stranger rape do not always report their assault, and victims of marital rape almost never report it. Why do they not see it as sexual assault?

Loyalty to their spouse – A victim may not want to bad-mouth their spouse or cast them in a negative light to other people. It is easier to pretend that nothing is wrong.
It is their duty as a spouse – Being married means it is your duty to have sex with your spouse whenever they want even if you are uncomfortable. You are obligated by wedding vows to perform sexual acts. No, no and no. Just because you are married does not mean that consent no longer matters.
Sex out of coercion or fear is not assault. Spouses can provide unrelenting pressure on their partners for sex. They use fear, intimidation and manipulation to get their partners to give in to their demands. They make their partner believe that they owe them, or it will keep them from having an affair, or they must watch porn because you refuse sex. The victim assumes the blame therefore it cannot be assault if it is their fault.
Inexperience with sex – Many victims think that the behavior is normal. They may not have had a sexual relationship before or did not have good role models to show them a healthy sexual relationship.
Religious or cultural influences – As modern as the world seems in the 21st century, there are still many religions and cultures that believe that one spouse should be submissive to the other.

Spouses that are sexually abused by their partners can suffer long-lasting mental health and physical problems. It is no less traumatic than being assaulted by a stranger. What’s worse, is that they then must live with their assaulter and be in fear of when it will happen again. Sexual assault by a partner is still assault and should be reported to the police. Marital rape is illegal in every state in the U.S.

If some of these behaviors sound familiar to you, these may be red flags of sexual abuse. The abuser’s actions are meant to belittle you and undermine your self-esteem until you feel powerless to leave. This abuse is not your fault, you are not to blame and it is not your obligation to participate in sexual activities without your consent. You do not have to live in an abusive relationship, there are options and ways to leave and gain back your independence.

If you are in an abusive relationship, make a safety plan and get you and your children out of the situation. You are not alone, we are here to represent women just like you to help you get through this and onto a better and happier life.

Source: 123rf

Thanks to the #MeToo movement and the Harvey Weinstein case, in particular, we are finally getting some clarity on what actually defines “rape.”

Due to the Weinstein case, it has been clarified that a person can be legally charged with rape even if there is an existing relationship and even if there is an ongoing relationship. Key to this definition is the existence of the attacker holding a position of power over the victim, as it was in the Weinstein case.

But there is still a form of rape that remains a “hidden crime”—the sexual assault by an intimate partner. This is partly due to the fact that many women who experience marital or intimate partner sexual assault do not realize they have been raped.

Marital rape is defined as any unwanted sexual penetration (vaginal, anal, or oral) or contact with the genitals that is the result of actual or threatened physical force or when the woman is unable to give affirmative consent.

This includes: being held down while your partner physically forces himself or an object inside you, your partner tying you up or otherwise confining you (without your consent) so that he can have complete control over your body, your partner forcing your head down on his penis and repeatedly pushing your head up and down, and your partner putting you in a doggy position and forcing himself inside you or forcing an object inside you (without your consent and without lubrication). It also includes sexual exploitation involving sexual contact, such as when a husband coerces a wife to engage in sexual acts with someone else.

Intimate partner sexual assault is an assault that is committed by a current or past spouse or boyfriend. This includes cohabitating couples who are not married since the relevant relationship dynamics of long-term cohabiting couples are similar to those of legally married couples.

Forced intercourse within a marriage is often called “marital rape.” Like other forms of domestic violence, marital rape is about exerting power and control over one’s partner. Nearly 1 in 10 women has been raped by an intimate partner in her lifetime, including completed forced penetration, attempted forced penetration, or alcohol/drug-facilitated completed penetration. Surprisingly, rape by intimate partners is more common than stranger rape (Bachman & Saltzman, 1995; Finkelhor & Yllo, 1985; Randall & Haskell, 1995).

Please note: Those in a same-sex relationship can also be victims of “marital rape.” This is true whether the victim is a male or female, whether the aggressor is a male or female. For the purpose of simplicity in this article, I will refer to the victim as a female and the aggressor as a male.

Marital Rape Is Illegal

Historically, marital or intimate partner rape was not considered a crime. In many countries, including the United States, rape was traditionally defined as forced sexual conduct with someone other than one’s wife. As a matter of law, rape could not occur within a marital relationship; the wife’s consent to the sexual conduct was presumed. In recent years, however, there has been marked progress in removing such marital exemptions from rape statutes (stopvaw.org).

As of 2011, at least 52 countries have explicitly made marital rape a criminal offense, and according to a 2006 report from the UN Secretary-General, at least 104 countries criminalize marital rape—if not under explicit marital rape statutes, then under general rape laws. Yet, despite the trend on the books, legal systems in many countries continue to reflect the belief that rape within a marriage is not rape.

Regardless of the extent to which marital rape is defined or recognized by law, in practice, it is rarely reported, prosecuted, or punished. Many women throughout the world do not know that marital rape is illegal, and even those who do are discouraged from reporting by norms and social stigmas. Law enforcement and prosecutors are often unwilling to respond to complaints, and when they do, the burden is placed on the victim to prove the act was illegal, which generally requires visible physical injuries since it’s difficult to prove lack of consent or resistance without them.

Why Marital Rape Is So Underreported

Rape is one of the most underreported crimes in the US (Bachman & Saltzman, 1995). Victims of marital rape are even less willing to report the crime than victims of stranger rape. A number of factors contribute to this underreporting:

Loyalty to husband/privacy of family. Women feel uncomfortable casting their husband in a negative light, and keeping the family secrets is typical in abusive relationships.
An unwillingness to accept their own victimization. It is emotionally painful to acknowledge that one has been betrayed by someone they depend upon for love and support. For many women who lack the economic resources, social support, or job skills that would enable them to leave the relationship, acknowledging rape by a partner would only add to an already painful situation.
Reluctance to label the experience “rape.” A common thread found in studies of wife rape is the women’s avoidance of the words “rape” or “sexual assault” when discussing experiences of forced sex with a husband or intimate partner. Many, who submit to sex out of fear, don’t consider themselves rape victims.

I met Mary Ann at a shelter for battered women. She had finally fled her husband after many years of being physically beaten by him. Although she freely talked about her various experiences of being physically abused by her husband, she had answered “no” when asked if she had ever been raped by him. Finally, several weeks after being in the shelter, she opened up about being sexually assaulted by her husband after another woman in the group shared her experiences. It turned out her husband had not only beaten her, but he had also demanded sex several times a day. If she did not comply, he would hit her, demean her verbally or throw her out of the house. He also forced her to have sex in front of their children.

When we talked to Mary Ann further, she revealed that the reason she had denied being sexually assaulted by her husband was because her husband had insisted that it was her duty to have sex with him. This had confused her and made her think his assaults weren’t actually rape.

In general, women tend to perceive themselves as being more responsible for and less harmed by forced sex when the offender is a husband/long-term partner rather than a stranger. And many women blame themselves for the attack, believing they provoked their husband in some way. Here’s a more comprehensive list of reasons why women don’t report marital rape or even understand that what has happened to them as rape:

1. Misunderstandings about a woman’s role in marriage and marital responsibilities. Like Mary Ann, many women believe it is their “wifely duty” to have sex with their husband whenever (and often, however) he wants. They believe they are obligated by their marriage vows to submit to all sexual acts, and therefore, these acts are not rape. Some women believe they are wrong or frigid for not wanting sex.

2. Sexual inexperience and uncertainty about what constitutes “normal” and “forced” sexual relations. Many women whose husbands sexually assault them haven’t had much experience with other sexual partners, or their sexual partners have also been abusive. Therefore, they believe that forced sex is normal—not “real rape.”

3. Religious and cultural influences. Culture and religion can have a profound influence on the decisions and actions abused women have to consider. For example, in Latino culture:

Women are often designated with the roles of “wife” and “mother.” It is socially unacceptable to be divorced, to marry more than once, or to remain single and have children out of wedlock. For these reasons, it may take some time, if ever, for a woman who is being raped by her husband to consider leaving him.
Catholicism is prevalent in Latino culture, and religious beliefs can contribute to women’s inability to escape any form of domestic violence. Latinas often accept their situations with resignation, believing their life is the way God wants it to be.
Inaccessibility to information and resources in their native language may prevent many Latinas from seeking appropriate services to aid them. For example, in Mexico, a law called “abandono de hogar” punishes women who leave their home, even to flee violence. Women convicted of “abandoning the home” often lost custody of their children. Some Mexican women who immigrate to the US erroneously believe that this law applies here.

The Damage Caused by Marital Rape

In general, lower penalties apply to marital rape than to stranger rape. This is based on the myth that because the husband and wife already have an intimate relationship, the act of forced intercourse is less traumatic for the victim. But current research dispels the myth that sexual assault in marriage is less traumatic than stranger rape. Family-violence researcher Kersti Yllo argues, for example: “The shock, terror, and betrayal of wife rape are often exacerbated rather than mitigated by the marital relationship.” And Raquel Kennedy Bergen’s research indicates that victims of marital rape appear to suffer particularly severe psychological consequences.

Marital rape can be just as dangerous as, if not more dangerous than, stranger rape. Marital rape often involves severe physical violence, threats of violence, and the use of weapons. Men who batter and rape are particularly dangerous men and are more likely to severely injure their wives and potentially even escalate the violence to murder than batterers who do not rape their wives. It is also important to point out that marital rapes can occur many times over many years (Russell, 1990).

Victims of marital rape describe a deep personal violation of trust. This is what my client Mona shared with me about her experience of marital rape: “If a stranger raped me it would feel very different—I wouldn’t take it so personally. He doesn’t know me and I don’t know him. But with my husband it becomes personal. I say to myself, ‘This person knows me intimately, he knows my feelings, he knows what raping me will do to me and he does it anyway. It’s such a shock, such a betrayal.’”

Another client, Veronica, told me this after being raped by her husband: “I was raped by a stranger when I was in my twenties and I managed to compartmentalize the experience—I was at the wrong place at the wrong time. I didn’t blame myself, exactly. I just determined I would be more cautious in the future. I didn’t worry about it happening again. But I didn’t ever imagine my own husband would do this to me. After the first time he raped me, I was in a constant state of terror from that point on. I was always waiting for him to do it again and I couldn’t get over it.”

As David Finkelhor and Kersti Yllo note, a woman who is raped by a stranger lives with a memory of a horrible attack; a woman who is raped by her husband lives with her rapist.

Not only is there no evidence that victims of wife rape are less likely to experience the same consequences as victims of stranger rape, there is considerable evidence that the psychological consequences for wife rape victims are more severe. For example, studies have shown that suicidal ideation and nervous breakdown rates are higher among victims who had experienced complete rape when compared to victims of attempted rape—and sexual assaults between intimate partners are more likely to result in completed rape than assaults by strangers (Ullman & Siegel, 1993).

Researchers including Brown (1993) have found that PTSD is most likely to develop when traumatic events occur in an environment previously deemed safe. Living with a person who has sexually assaulted her, there is no place in which a woman may feel safe from future assaults.

According to RAINN (Rape, Abuse & Incest National Network), marital rape may result in more damage than stranger rape because victims are pressured to stay with their abusive partner, victims may have difficulty identifying the act as a crime or their partner as a criminal, there are potential negative impacts on children living in the home, and there is a higher likelihood of repeat assault.

Often, though not always, sexual assault by intimate partners is accompanied by other forms of domestic violence. Sexual assault is one of the abusive behaviors used by a batterer to establish and maintain power and control over his partner. According to Carol Adams, “Women are often raped as a continuation of beating, threatened with more violence if they fail to comply with their husband’s sexual requests, or forced to have sex to oblige the abuser’s need to ‘make up’ after a beating.” (Buchwald, et al, 1993).

And so we can see that for numerous reasons, marital rape can actually be more, not less, damaging to the victim than stranger rape.